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AIVR accelerated idioventricular rhythm HCN hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated NEC necrotizing enterocolitis 1 Introduction Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is a rare ventricular tachyarrhythmia observed in neonates. Although AIVR is generally benign and self-limiting, it can occasionally lead to significant hemodynamic instability, necessitating intervention, especially in vulnerable premature infants and those with congenital heart disease [1-5].

Despite prenatal and early post-natal diagnosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, neonates continue to have poor outcomes in the current era. Reference Giorgi, Durand and Morin1 Neonates with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation are at risk of developing high output cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension soon after birth.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral issue that is more prevalent in boys than girls. It is typically identified in early childhood or occasionally later in teenage years or early adulthood. Children with ADHD may appear distracted, often mistaken for a personality trait rather than a behavioral disorder, which can impact their academic and social interactions in various settings.