Pierre Ferruit

Abstract Observations of transiting gas giant exoplanets have revealed a pervasive depletion of methane1,2,3,4, which has only recently been identified atmospherically5,6. The depletion is thought to be maintained by disequilibrium processes such as photochemistry or mixing from a hotter interior7,8,9. However, the interiors are largely unconstrained along with the vertical mixing strength and only upper limits on the CH4 depletion have been available.

Author notes These authors contributed equally: Irene Shivaei, Renske Smit Authors and Affiliations Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK Joris Witstok, Roberto Maiolino, Mirko Curti, Francesco D’Eugenio, Tobias J. Looser, William M. Baker, Lester Sandles, Jan Scholtz & Sandro Tacchella Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK Joris Witstok, Roberto Maiolino, Mirko Curti, Francesco D’Eugenio, Tobias J.

Abstract Finding and characterizing the first galaxies that illuminated the early universe at cosmic dawn is pivotal to understand the physical conditions and the processes that led to the formation of the first stars. In the first few months of operations, imaging from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been used to identify tens of candidates of galaxies at redshift (z) greater than 10, less than 450 million years after the Big Bang.