Pietro D. Spanu

Abstract Powdery mildew fungi are serious pathogens of many plant species. Their genomes encode extensive repertoires of secreted effector proteins that suppress host immunity. Here, we revised and analyzed the candidate secreted effector protein (CSEP) effectome of the barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria hordei (Bh) and identified seven CSEPs that are broadly conserved in powdery mildew fungal species, rendering them core effectors of these phytopathogens.

Abstract The mutual exchange of extracellular vesicles across kingdom borders is a feature of many plant-microbe interactions. The occurrence and cargos of extracellular vesicles has been studied in several instances, but their dynamics in the course of infection have remained elusive.

Introduction In cells from organisms of all kingdoms of life, ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) serve as indispensable components for protein biosynthesis. Three (in prokaryotes) or four (in eukaryotes) different types of rRNA form with numerous proteins huge complexes known as ribosomes.