Pifang Gong

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1 INTRODUCTION The mammalian cerebral cortex consists of six layers including the upper layers (layers I through IV) and the deeper layers (layers V and VI) [1]. A large cohort of neurons and glia in the six-layer structure are generated from progenitor cells located in the ventricular zone (VZ), the latter of which are known as radial glia (RG) [2].

Abstract In response to central nervous system (CNS) injury, astrocytes go through a series of alterations, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, ranging from changes in gene expression and cell hypertrophy to permanent astrocyte borders around stromal cell scars in CNS lesions. The mechanisms underlying injury-induced reactive astrocytes in the adult CNS have been extensively studied. However, little is known about injury-induced reactive astrocytes during early postnatal development.