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Articles by Population Sciences
Race and Poverty Status as a Risk for Overall Mortality in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged Adults
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Anticipating the “Silver Tsunami”: Prevalence Trajectories and Comorbidity Burden among Older Cancer Survivors in the United States
Background: Cancer survivors are a growing population, due in large part to the aging of the baby boomer generation and the related “silver tsunami” facing the U.S. health care system. Understanding the impact of a graying nation on cancer prevalence and comorbidity burden is critical in informing efforts to design and implement quality cancer care for this population.
Safety of reduced antibiotic prescribing for self limiting respiratory tract infections in primary care: cohort study using electronic health records
Objective To determine whether the incidence of pneumonia, peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditis, empyema, meningitis, intracranial abscess, and Lemierre’s syndrome is higher in general practices that prescribe fewer antibiotics for self limiting respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Participants Registered patients with 45.5 million person years of follow-up from 2005 to 2014.
Aspirin for Cancer Prevention: One Step Closer
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Alternative Pathway Analyses Indicate Bidirectional Relations between Depressive Symptoms, Diet Quality, and Central Adiposity in a Sample of Urban US Adults
Background: Temporality between socioeconomic status (SES), depressive symptoms (DS), dietary quality (DQ), and central adiposity (CA) is underexplored. Objectives: Alternative pathways linking SES to DQ, DS, and CA were tested and models compared, stratified by race and sex. Methods: With the use of data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (baseline age: 30–64 y; 2 visits; mean follow-up: 4.9 y), 12 structural equation models (SM) were conducted and compared.
Convergence of Implementation Science, Precision Medicine, and the Learning Health Care System: A New Model for Biomedical Research
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Challenges in Elucidating the Genetics of Diabetic Retinopathy
Since the first reported success of a well-designed GWAS, more than 2000 loci have demonstrated significant and often replicated associations with one or more common complex disorders.32 Although this field has received a number of criticisms, the reality is that the use of GWASs has been the most successful approach in the genetics of common diseases to date. The use of this technology in the study of DR is relatively recent.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
A 30 year old, 35 week pregnant, nulliparous woman visits her general practitioner because of itching but no rash. Fundal height measurements and fetal movements are normal. The GP arranges an urgent antenatal clinic review, where liver function tests (LFTs), including bile acids, are reported as normal. At a midwife appointment two weeks later, she still has intense itching. Repeat tests show raised total bile acids (100 µmol/L; reference range 0-14) and aspartate aminotransferase (150 U/L; 5-35).
Determinants of Quality of Life for Breast Cancer Patients in Shanghai, China
To evaluate the association of social support status, health insurance and clinical factors with the quality of life of Chinese women with breast cancer. Information on demographics, clinical characteristics, and social support status was collected from 1,160 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer in Shanghai, China. The Perceived Social Support Scale was used to assess different sources of social support for breast cancer patients.
Antidepressant use and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in people aged 20 to 64: cohort study using primary care database
Conclusions This study found no evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of arrhythmia or stroke/transient ischaemic attack in people diagnosed as having depression between the ages of 20 to 64 or that citalopram is associated with a significantly increased risk of arrhythmia.
Plasma α-Linolenic and Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids Are Associated with a Lower Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Singapore Chinese Adults
Background: Long-chain marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n–3 PUFAs) are associated with a lower risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but results for plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n–3) are inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to examine the association between plasma n–3 PUFAs and AMI risk and to explore potential mediation by cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Optimizing an Era of Global Mental Health Implementation Science
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Examining the Value of Menopausal Symptom Relief Among US Women
To view the full text, please login as a subscribed user or purchase a subscription . Click here to view the full text on ScienceDirect. Menopausal symptoms can cause significant distress to women, yet little is known about the value women place on these symptoms. In April 2013, 3397 US women, aged 40 to 69 years, completed an online survey that included 30 paired comparisons.
Addressing Current Criticism Regarding the Value of Self-Report Dietary Data
Recent reports have asserted that, because of energy underreporting, dietary self-report data suffer from measurement error so great that findings that rely on them are of no value. This commentary considers the amassed evidence that shows that self-report dietary intake data can successfully be used to inform dietary guidance and public health policy.
For Working-Age Cancer Survivors, Medical Debt And Bankruptcy Create Financial Hardships
The rising medical costs associated with cancer have led to considerable financial hardship for patients and their families in the United States. Using data from the LIVESTRONG 2012 survey of 4,719 cancer survivors ages 18–64, we examined the proportions of survivors who reported going into debt or filing for bankruptcy as a result of cancer, as well as the amount of debt incurred. Approximately one-third of the survivors had gone into debt, and 3 percent had filed for bankruptcy.
Bath additives for the treatment of childhood eczema (BATHE): protocol for multicentre parallel group randomised trial
Ethics and dissemination This protocol was approved by Newcastle and North Tyneside 1 NRES committee 14/NE/0098. Follow-up will be completed in 2017. Findings will be disseminated to participants and carers, the public, dermatology and primary care journals, guideline developers and decision-makers. Methods and analysis Design: Pragmatic open 2-armed parallel group randomised controlled trial. Setting: General practitioner (GP) practices in England and Wales.
IJBNPA | Full text | All-cause mortality effects of replacing sedentary time with physical activity and sleeping using an isotemporal substitution model: a prospective study of 201,129 mid-aged and older adults
The analyses are based on data from the 45 and Up Study [4], [13], in which participants completed a baseline questionnaire from January 2006 through December 2009. The 45 and Up Study sample is a large-scale (N = 267,119) prospective cohort of men and women aged 45 years or older living in the state of New South Wales, Australia.
Higher Plasma Phospholipid n-3 PUFAs, but Lower n-6 PUFAs, Are Associated with Lower Pulse Wave Velocity among Older Adults
Background: Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and higher circulating PUFAs are associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The positive influence of PUFAs might be via lowering arterial stiffness, resulting in a better CVD risk profile; however, studies investigating circulating PUFAs in relation to arterial stiffness in a general population are limited.
Managing Conflicts of Interest in the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guidelines Programme: Qualitative Study
There is international concern that conflicts of interest (COI) may bias clinical guideline development and render it untrustworthy. Guideline COI policies exist with the aim of reducing this bias but it is not known how such policies are interpreted and used by guideline producing organisations. This study sought to determine how conflicts of interest (COIs) are disclosed and managed by a national clinical guideline developer (NICE: the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence).
The Dietary Patterns Methods Project: Synthesis of Findings across Cohorts and Relevance to Dietary Guidance
The Dietary Patterns Methods Project (DPMP) was initiated in 2012 to strengthen research evidence on dietary indices, dietary patterns, and health for upcoming revisions of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, given that the lack of consistent methodology has impeded development of consistent and reliable conclusions. DPMP investigators developed research questions and a standardized approach to index-based dietary analysis. This article presents a synthesis of findings across the cohorts.
National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary
The NSF assembled a multidisciplinary expert panel comprised of both sleep experts and experts in other areas of medicine, physiology, and science. This approach provided varying perspectives regarding sleep duration. The 18-member expert panel included 12 representatives selected by stakeholder organizations and 6 sleep experts chosen by the NSF.
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