Processes The

1 Introduction Globally, life expectancy has increased from 67 to 73.5 years (7.5 years) between 2000 and 2019, whilst healthy life expectancy has merely improved by 5.4 years (Molassiotis et al. 2022). The discrepancy between the rate of increase in health span and lifespan is due to a rise in age-related disorders. Non-communicable diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, have become more prominent globally, giving rise to reduced rates of improved global health span (Cao et al. 2018).

1 Introduction Recently, acrylic resin-based thermoplastic composites are gaining attention in marine and renewable energy applications due to their recyclability [1]. Liquid acrylic resins have low viscosities (100–200 mPa s) at room temperature, and hence, these materials are well suited to processing by liquid composite moulding techniques using room-temperature tooling, which were once exclusively used for thermoset composite production.

1 Introduction Icing of surfaces can cause significant problems across a variety of industries and applications, such as aerospace, energy, and transportation infrastructure. As well as potentially damaging the surface or structure on which the ice has formed, ice accumulation can cause disruption of services and associated labor and energy costs during downtime and removal [1]. Critical energy infrastructure can be damaged, leading to disruption of the energy supply during cold weather [2].