Protap Biswas

1 Introduction Silica is a highly versatile material with various applications, varying in their requirements for chemical, mechanical, physical, and optical properties [1-5]. Historically, high-temperature manufacturing was mandatory in the processing of this inorganic polymeric substance [6]. However, the development of sol-gel routes allowed the production of new generations of materials that form under mild, biocompatible conditions [7-9].

1 Introduction Crystallization from aqueous solutions is intensively studied.[1-5] It appears that the reductionist perspective of the classical nucleation theory needs to be much expanded to encompass the complexities of real-world reactions. The calcium carbonate system is a model for studying various crystallization pathways as it is very common in geologic, biogenic, and synthetic settings.

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