Qiuxia Min

1 Introduction AP is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas associated with the sudden onset of persistent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal distention, and is the leading cause of gastrointestinal disorder-related hospitalizations worldwide (Lankisch et al., 2015). AP can cause multiple organ dysfunction that results in pancreatic necrosis and persistent organ failure, with an associated mortality rate of 1%–5% (Garg and Singh, 2019; Szatmary et al., 2022).