Qiying Jiang

Graphical Abstract C4-C3 Photosynthetic Plasticity in Eleocharis baldwinii The cover art depicts anatomical adaptations of Eleocharis baldwinii, an amphibious sedge exhibiting rare C4-C3 photosynthetic plasticity. The upper section shows submerged C3-like culms with reduced vascularization, contrasting with the lower section's terrestrial C4-like forms featuring distinct Kranz anatomy. A central transition motif illustrates culm morphism from submerged (right) to terrestrial (left) forms.

1 Introduction C4 photosynthesis functions as a complex trait with a high carbon fixation rate.