Qizhu Li

Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description smll202502068-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx13.3 MB Supporting Information References 1, , , , , , , , Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 1480. 2, , , , , Chem. Mater. 2018, 30, 4978. 3, , , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2006, 39, 776. 4, , , , , Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 216. 5, , , , , , , , , J. Alloys Compd. 2021, 886, 161308. 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 270. 7, , , , , , J.

Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

1 Introduction Thermoelectric materials, which convert waste heat into electricity, contend with practical limitations in achieving an optimal figure-of-merit ( z T = S 2 σ κ e + κ L T $zT\; = \frac{{{S^2}\sigma }}{{{\kappa _e} + {\kappa _L}}}\;T$ ; where S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ is the electrical conductivity, κe is the electronic thermal conductivity, κL is the lattice thermal conductivity, and T is temperature) due to the inherently conflicted material attributes.