quality Nofima

1 Introduction Conventional plastics contribute to global challenges, and a substantial part of these plastics is used by the food packaging sector (Geyer et al. 2017; Rhodes 2019; Yates et al. 2021). Cellulose-based materials are potential alternatives to plastics for food packaging applications but possess properties like moisture sensitivity and porous structure—that limit their use for most fresh, moist, and greasy products (Andersson 2008; Khwaldia et al. 2010; Vinitskaia et al. 2025).