Quanyang Wang

1. Introduction With the deepening exploration and development of oil and gas resources, the cost of handling well leaks has significantly increased [1,2,3]. Formation leaks not only affect drilling efficiency but also lead to unstable wellbore collapse and, in severe cases, the blockage of flow channels, resulting in reduced oil well production [4,5,6,7]. Well leaks, especially malignant leaks, limit the efficient exploration, development, and utilization of oil and gas in our country [8].

1. Introduction As oil and gas exploration and development deepen, the cost of well leakage treatment has significantly increased [1,2,3,4]. Formation leakage not only affects drilling efficiency but also leads to issues, such as unstable wellbores and even the blockage of permeable channels, resulting in reduced oil well production [4,5,6,7,8,9].