Queenie Mondile

1 Introduction Pyrimidine nucleotides act as essential molecules for all living organisms for their critical role in cellular proliferation, DNA, and RNA production, and so on. [1]. Pyrimidine nucleotides can be synthesized through the salvage pathway [2] or generated via a de novo biosynthesis pathway [3]. The distribution and reliance of organisms upon the two pathways vary depending on both the type and stage of cells [4].

Pyrimidine nucleotides are essential for a wide variety of cellular processes and are synthesized either via a salvage pathway or through de novo biosynthesis. The latter is particularly important in proliferating cells, such as infectious diseases and cancer cells. Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, making it an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases.