Quian Quiroga

The data come from 99 experimental sessions in 49 patients with pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. Extensive non-invasive monitoring did not yield concordant data corresponding to a single resectable epileptic focus. Therefore, the patients were implanted with chronic depth electrodes for 7–10 days to determine the seizure focus for possible surgical resection33. Here we report data from sites in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex.

BMI training was applied to 10 patients with phantom limb due to brachial plexus root avulsion (n=9) and amputation of the right forearm (n=1; Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1)20. All patients had phantom limb symptoms, and the associated pain is consequently thought to share a common mechanism with phantom limb pain due to amputation3. All patients participated in BMI training to control the robotic hand (Fig. 1a).

Fourteen participants (6 female; mean age: 30.2, SD: 7.5) were recruited from our local subject database and participated in the experiment. All observers were naive to the purpose of the experiment and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. They provided informed written consent before the experiment and filled out a post-questionnaire thereafter. The study was approved by the ethics review board of the Max Planck Society and conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.