Rachel Barnes

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that supports the findings of this study are openly available in GenBank at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/PZ342061, reference number PZ342061 and are freely available in the IPD-IMGT/HLA Database. References 1, , , et al., “The IPD-IMGT/HLA Database: Recent Developments in Sequence Submission,” Nucleic Acids Research 54, no. D1 (2026): D1152–D1158.

HLA-A, one of the principal HLA class I loci within the major histocompatibility complex, occupies a central role in human immunity through peptide presentation to cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes while exhibiting extensive allelic diversity shaped by pathogen-driven selection. Per the IPD-IMGT/HLA Database version 3.64.0 (April 2026), 9175 unique HLA-A alleles and 5348 encoded proteins have been identified [1].

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in GenBank at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/PX873581, reference number PX873581 and are freely available in the IPD-IMGT/HLA Database. References 1, , , et al., “Gene Polymorphism of HLA-DPB1 and DPA1 Loci in Caucasoid Population: Frequencies and DPB1-DPA1 Associations,” Human Immunology 31, no. 4 (1991): 277–285.