Rachel Nichols

Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Nichols RN, Begg GS, Cantú-Salazar L, Holland JM, Martin Y, Tzilivakis J, et al. (2026) A standardised protocol for measuring farmland biodiversity outcomes across European Farmer Cluster landscapes. PLoS One 21(3): e0345691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345691 Editor: RunGuo Zang, Chinese Academy of Forestry, CHINA Received: July 4, 2025; Accepted: March 9, 2026; Published: March 25, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Nichols et al.

1 Introduction Natural capital accounting guided by the United Nations System of Environmental Economic Accounts—Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) framework (United Nations et al. 2024) is increasingly being adopted around the world. The framework recognises that humans derive benefits from ecosystems through the use of ecosystem services that are supplied by ecosystem assets, and aims to capture these benefits in a systematic way.

ABSTRACT The world’s oceans are vital for planetary health as well as food and energy security. Recently though, they have been increasingly considered as a solution to stagnating economic growth, with ocean resources and ocean spaces being used for both public and private benefit. This puts pressure on the sustainability of ocean ecosystems. These complex challenges have meant a need for an integrated understanding of and a more holistic approach to ocean accounting and governance.