Rakshya Arun Kandel

1 Introduction Wild (mad) honey poisoning is caused by the ingestion of honey containing toxins known as grayanotoxins, which is derived from the nectar of various Rhododendron species found mainly in higher altitude regions of Nepal, India, and Turkey [1]. The Himalayan cliff honey bee scientifically known as Apis dorsata laboriosa is the largest honey bee in the world which is responsible for mad honey production in Nepal's Himalayan region [2].

1 Introduction Pesticide poisoning accounts for approximately 300,000 fatalities annually worldwide, with organophosphates and phosphides being predominant agents [1]. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is particularly concerning due to its accessibility, lack of a specific antidote, and frequent use in suicides [1].