Mohsin Shah

Abstract The use of numerous sensors on edge devices, combined with the emergence of AI techniques, makes the IoT environment more intelligent and interactive. The resulting paradigm encompasses device-centric systems that operate instantly and remotely with zero clicks. However, with these advantages, many functional challenges affect remote sensing, including incomplete data, communication delay, lack of context awareness, and dynamically switching topology.

For the past several days, 30-year-old Raj Kumar has been struggling to feed his family of four due to a shortage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in India's capital, New Delhi. For weeks, he's been trying to secure some LPG to keep his kitchen running. However, fuel prices in the city have increased. He has now been forced to move to his hometown, Mahua, in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, nearly 650 kilometres from Delhi.

Relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan have long been characterised by mistrust, border skirmishes, and diplomatic tensions. At the heart of these persistent frictions lies the Durand Line, a 2,640-kilometre border drawn in 1893 between British India and Afghanistan. While Pakistan considers the Durand Line an internationally recognised border inherited after independence in 1947, successive Afghan governments have refused to formally recognise it.