Raul Silva Santarem

1 Introduction Infertility is a global public health issue, affecting approximately one in six individuals worldwide [1]. Male factor infertility accounts for about 40% of cases among couples seeking treatment, and among these men, 44% are diagnosed with idiopathic infertility [2]. Environmental contaminants have been increasingly recognized as potential contributors to male reproductive dysfunction [3-6]. Among these contaminants, plastic has emerged as a significant concern.