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Articles by Raymond E. Goldstein
Photometric decision making during the dawn choruses of cicadas
We report a quantitative study of the onset of dawn choruses of cicadas in several natural habitats. A time-frequency analysis of the acoustical signals is used to define an order parameter for the development of collective singing. The ensemble of recordings reveals that the chorus onset times accurately track the changing sunrise times over the course of many weeks, occurring at a solar elevation of .
Photometric Decision-Making During the Dawn Choruses of Cicadas
Abstract We report the first quantitative study of the onset of dawn choruses of cicadas in several natural habitats. A time-frequency analysis of the acoustical signals is used to define an order parameter for the development of collective singing. The ensemble of recordings reveals that the chorus onset times accurately track the changing sunrise times over the course of many weeks, occurring within civil twilight at a solar elevation of -3.8° ± 0.2°.
Spatiotemporal distribution of the glycoprotein pherophorin II reveals stochastic geometry of the growing ECM of Volvox carteri
Abstract The evolution of multicellularity involved the transformation of a simple cell wall of unicellular ancestors into a complex, multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM). A suitable model organism to study the formation and expansion of an ECM during ontogenesis is the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri, which, along with the related volvocine algae, produces a complex, self-organized ECM composed of multiple substructures.
Feeders and expellers, two types of animalcules with outboard cilia, have distinct surface interactions
ISSN 2469-990X (online). ©2024 American Physical Society. All rights reserved. Physical Review Fluids™ is a trademark of the American Physical Society, registered in the United States. The APS Physics logo and Physics logo are trademarks of the American Physical Society. Information about registration may be found here. Use of the American Physical Society websites and journals implies that the user has read and agrees to our Terms and Conditions and any applicable Subscription Agreement.
Feeders and expellers, two types of animalcules with outboard cilia, have distinct surface interactions
Within biological fluid dynamics, it is conventional to distinguish between “puller” and “pusher” microswimmers on the basis of the forward or aft location of the flagella relative to the cell body: typically, bacteria are pushers and algae are pullers.
Seeking safety: Movement dynamics after post-contact immobility
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Franks NR, Worley A, Fortune GT, Goldstein RE, Sendova-Franks AB (2024) Seeking safety: Movement dynamics after post-contact immobility. PLoS ONE 19(8): e0307370. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307370 Editor: Daniel de Paiva Silva, Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciencia e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutai, BRAZIL Received: September 8, 2023; Accepted: July 3, 2024; Published: August 22, 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Franks et al.
Biophysical fluid dynamics in a Petri dish
The humble Petri dish is perhaps the simplest setting in which to examine the locomotion of swimming organisms, particularly those whose body size is tens of microns to millimeters. The fluid layer in such a container has a bottom no-slip surface and a stress-free upper boundary. It is of fundamental interest to understand the flow fields produced by the elementary and composite singularities of Stokes flow in this geometry.
Feeders and Expellers, Two Types of Animalcules With Outboard Cilia, Have Distinct Surface Interactions
Abstract Within biological fluid dynamics, it is conventional to distinguish between "puller" and "pusher" microswimmers on the basis of the forward or aft location of the flagella relative to the cell body: typically, bacteria are pushers and algae are pullers.
Biophysical Fluid Dynamics in a Petri Dish
Abstract The humble Petri dish is perhaps the simplest setting in which to examine the locomotion of swimming organisms, particularly those whose body size is tens of microns to millimetres. The fluid layer in such a container has a bottom no-slip surface and a stress-free upper boundary. It is of fundamental interest to understand the flow fields produced by the elementary and composite singularities of Stokes flow in this geometry.
How do cicadas emerge together? Thermophysical aspects of their collective decision-making
Periodical cicadas exhibit life cycles with durations of 13 or 17 years, and it is now accepted that large prime cycles arose to avoid synchrony with predators. Less well explored is how, in the face of intrinsic biological and environmental noise, insects within a brood emerge together in large successive swarms from underground during springtime warming.
Anti-Diffusion in an Algae-Bacteria Microcosm: Photosynthesis, Chemotaxis, and Expulsion
Abstract In Nature there are significant relationships known between microorganisms from two kingdoms of life, as in the supply of vitamin B12 by bacteria to algae. Such interactions motivate general investigations into the spatio-temporal dynamics of metabolite exchanges. Here we study by experiment and theory a model system: a coculture of the bacterium B. subtilis, an obligate aerobe that is chemotactic to oxygen, and a nonmotile mutant of the alga C.
How do Cicadas Emerge Together? Thermophysical Aspects of Their Collective Decision-Making
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Turing's Diffusive Threshold in Random Reaction-Diffusion Systems
Abstract Turing instabilities of reaction-diffusion systems can only arise if the diffusivities of the chemical species are sufficiently different. This threshold is unphysical in most systems with N=2 diffusing species, forcing experimental realizations of the instability to rely on fluctuations or additional nondiffusing species. Here, we ask whether this diffusive threshold lowers for N>2 to allow “true” Turing instabilities.
Coffee stains, cell receptors, and time crystals: Lessons from the old literature
In his celebrated papers on what we now term Brownian motion, 1 botanist Robert Brown studied microscopic components of plants and deduced that their incessant stochastic motion was an innate physical feature not associated with their biological origins. The observations required that he study extremely small drops of fluid, which presented experimental difficulties. One of the most significant issues, discussed at some length in his second paper, was the effect of evaporation.
Why Clothes Don't Fall Apart: Tension Transmission in Staple Yarns
The problem of how staple yarns transmit tension is addressed within abstract models in which the Amontons-Coulomb friction laws yield a linear programing (LP) problem for the tensions in the fiber elements. We find there is a percolation transition such that above the percolation threshold the transmitted tension is in principle unbounded. We determine that the mean slack in the LP constraints is a suitable order parameter to characterize this supercritical state.
Swirling Bacteria Linked to the Physics of Phase Transitions | Quanta Magazine
biophysics By Gabriel Popkin May 4, 2017 The new experiments suggest that simple models can explain the behavior of thousands of interacting organisms. At first glance, the movie didn’t seem like much: a chaotic swarm of E. coli bacteria twiddling this way and that in a petri dish, seemingly at random. Such scenes are daily fare in bacteriology labs around the world.
Molecular motors drive liquid through large channels - physicsworld.com
Conventional fluids flow only in response to external forces, but scientists are increasingly interested in "active matter" that consumes energy and moves itself. Previously, this has been seen only on millimetre or centimetre scales, but now researchers in the US have observed tiny molecular motors moving around metre-long tubes. Flocks of birds, swarms of bees and other collective animal movements can be explained by cognitive decisions of the organisms involved.
Improbable Research
The 2015 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 17th, 2015 at the 25th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony, at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast. CHEMISTRY PRIZE — Callum Ormonde and Colin Raston [AUSTRALIA], and Tom Yuan, Stephan Kudlacek, Sameeran Kunche, Joshua N. Smith, William A. Brown, Kaitlin Pugliese, Tivoli Olsen, Mariam Iftikhar, Gregory Weiss [USA], for inventing a chemical recipe to partially un-boil an egg.
Algae use their 'tails' to gallop and trot like quadrupeds
Long before there were fish swimming in the oceans, tiny microorganisms were using long slender appendages called cilia and flagella to navigate their watery habitats. Now, new research reveals that species of single-celled algae coordinate their flagella to achieve a remarkable diversity of swimming gaits. When it comes to four-legged animals such as cats, horses and deer, or even humans, the concept of a gait is familiar, but what about unicellular green algae with multiple limb-like flagella?
Improbable Research
The 2015 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 17th, 2015 at the 25th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony, at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live — a recording ofit will be posted soon on YouTube. CHEMISTRY PRIZE — Callum Ormonde and Colin Raston [AUSTRALIA], and Tom Yuan, Stephan Kudlacek, Sameeran Kunche, Joshua N. Smith, William A.
Upside down and inside out
VIDEO: Researchers have captured the first 3-D video of a living algal embryo turning itself inside out, from a sphere to a mushroom shape and back again. The results could help... view more Researchers from the University of Cambridge have captured the first three-dimensional images of a live embryo turning itself inside out. The images, of embryos of a green alga called Volvox, make an ideal test case to understand how a remarkably similar process works in early animal development.
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