Rebecca Clarkson

Intrinsic Dendritic Integration Features of Prefrontal Layer 5 Pyramidal Cell Subclasses Selin Schamiloglu, Rebecca L. Clarkson, Natalia S. Stone, Alayna T. Liptak, Kevin J. Bender Journal of Neuroscience 26 November 2025, 45 (48) e1080252025; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1080-25.2025

Abstract Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an associative center in the brain and integrates various inputs to support cognition. Layer 5 pyramidal cells are themselves associative centers, as their dendrites span all cortical layers and sample multiple input streams. Backpropagating action potentials (bAPs) are an important mechanism for integrating synaptic inputs arriving at distinct dendritic locations.

ABSTRACT Writing moderation, used to ensure reliable teacher judgements of pupil writing in primary schools, is an overlooked aspect of assessment in England. Despite its key role in national accountability and school comparisons, it has received little attention. Since its 2016 inception, various policy documents have guided teachers, schools and local authorities in standardised moderation practices.