Reethu Sebastian

1 Introduction With rapid urbanization and industrialization, air quality has deteriorated substantially and emerged as a global concern. The development of smart gas sensors [1, 2] for pollution monitoring has become a primary focus for improving air quality [3, 4]. These gas sensors are required for continuous monitoring of surrounding molecules and to provide real-time insights into air quality, gas leaks and toxicity levels for improved air quality management and safety protocols [5, 6].