Robert Becker Pickson

Abstract Apples are a vital dietary resource supporting nutrition across diverse populations; however, global climate change increasingly disrupts apple production, posing growing risks to food security. This study examines the climate-related impacts on apple production in 13 major producing countries using advanced panel econometrics on 3120 observations from 1961Q1 to 2020Q4.

References 2022. “Climate Change and Major Crop Production: Evidence From Pakistan.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no. 4: 5406–5414. , , , et al. 2023. “Nutrition and Food Security in Nepal: A Narrative Review of Policies.” Nutrition Reviews 81, no. 12: 1612–1625. , and . 2021. “Effects of Climate Adaptation on Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Northern Ghana.” Agricultural and Food Economics 9, no. 14: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-021-00183-7. , and . 2023.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest. REFERENCES , , , , & (2018). The Effects of Weather Shocks on Economic Activity: What are the channels of impact? International Monetary Fund. IMF Working Paper: WP/18/1444. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484363027.001 , , & (2021). Does energy accessibility improve human development? Evidence from energy-poor regions. Energy Economics, 96, 105165. , , , & (2023).