Rodrigo Lima Massara

1 Introduction Protected areas (PAs) are pivotal instruments for safeguarding global biodiversity and natural resources (Bruner et al. 2001; Knip et al. 2012; Sánchez-Azofeifa et al. 1999). Despite their significance, these areas face numerous human-induced pressures and conflicts, necessitating thoughtful conservation strategies to mitigate such impacts (Chan et al. 2007).

1 INTRODUCTION The Neotropic realm is the global cornerstone of mammal diversity, accounting for one-quarter of all species worldwide (Burgin et al., 2018). For instance, Brazil harbours 751 native species (≈ 223 endemics), representing ~12% of all mammal species currently described (Quintela et al., 2020). In Brazil, non-volant mammals of the Amazon represent ~70% of all medium to large species (Reis et al., 2008).