Rptu Germany

1 INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN SORTING, THE CONCEPT OF TARGETING SEQUENCES Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized. Since all proteins (except for some organellar translation products) are synthesized in the cytosol, many newly synthesized proteins have to be targeted to their specific cellular location. Targeting signals serve as address tags that are recognized by receptors on the surface of their respective compartment.

Abbreviations DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase ER, endoplasmic reticulum HA, hemagglutinine epitope IQ-compete assay, Import and de-Quenching Competition assay MoClo, modular cloning TCA, tricarbonic acid TCS, TEV cleavage site TEV, tobacco etch virus protease TIM, translocase of the inner membrane of mitochondria TOM, translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondria Intracellular membranes that define different types of compartments are a hallmark of eukaryotic cells.

1 Introduction Scientific inquiry involves students experimenting actively, that is, asking research questions and collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data (NGSS Lead States 2013). According to Kind and Osborne (2017) it includes various styles of reasoning: representing models mathematically, engaging in experimental exploration, constructing hypothetical models, categorizing, and classifying entities, predicting outcomes probabilistically, and using abductive reasoning to explain phenomena.