Ruci Wang

Abstract Amid ongoing climate change, the increasing frequency of extreme heat events has become a major concern, particularly in urban areas where the urban heat island effect intensifies thermal risks. Previous studies have largely focused on individual cities, with limited attention to their relationship with landscape patterns.

1. Introduction The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, which is related to rapid urbanization, has attracted considerable attention from academic scholars and governmental policy-makers because of its profound influence on citizens’ daily lives [1]. The UHI effect has negative human impacts, including indirect economic loss, poor air quality, reduced comfort, imbalanced public health, and increased mortality rates [2,3].

Methods Plant materials and growth conditions The slg2 mutant was identified from the NaN3-mutagenized M2 population of ZY66 (japonica). All the materials used in this study were cultivated in the experimental fields of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology in Changping (40.2°N/116.2°E), Beijing during the summer or Lingshui (18.5°N, 110.0°E), Hainan province during the winter.