Ruihong Yin

Abstract This work presents a dual-purpose Coupled Oscillator Based Ising (COBI) chip that serves as a combinatorial optimization problem (COP) solver and as a physical entropy source for a hybrid True Random Number Generator (TRNG). By disabling coupling weights, oscillator phases drift randomly, creating a physical entropy source for various probabilistic compute applications. To meet the statistical randomness and throughput requirements, we adopted a hybrid approach.

Retraction of: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-25087-0, published online 21 November 2025 The Editors have retracted this Article. After publication, the Authors notified the Editors that although the study was approved by the ethics committee of Darkjade Science Co., appropriate IRB approval from other participating institutions was not obtained. The Editors, therefore, lost confidence that the study had appropriate ethical oversight.