Ruixiong Deng

1 Introduction Global warming has emerged as a major challenge linked to climate change over the past century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report indicates that the global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.85°C over the past 130 years (Pachauri 2016). Correspondingly, surface temperatures in China have increased considerably since 1900, exhibiting an average annual warming rate of approximately 0.08°C/10 years (Ren, Ding, et al. 2012).

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