Ruiying Fu

Abstract Click to copy section linkSection link copied! As urgent demands increase in energy-grid systems, supercapacitors have been further documented as highly promising energy-storage technologies across a range of applications owing to their high-power density, rapid charge–discharge capabilities, and prolonged endurance life.

1 Introduction In the context of the escalating energy crisis and growing environmental concerns, the development of high-performance sustainable energy storage devices has become a critical focus in materials chemistry [1-6]. Supercapacitors (SCs), characterized by their high power density, exceptional cycle life, and rapid charge–discharge capabilities, are regarded as vital intermediaries between conventional batteries and capacitors [7-11].

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The description results can be accessed through the corresponding author. Certain applications for raw data for scientific study can be accessed accordingly. Supporting Information Filename Description jcpe70075-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 6.5 MB Data S1: jcpe70075-sup-0001-Supinfo.docx. References , , , et al. 2025.