CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT NBH serves on the scientific advisory boards of CSL Vifor (Switzerland) and Octapharma USA (Paramus, NJ). These companies are involved with patient blood management. She also receives author royalties from Wolters Kluwer through contributions to uptodate.com. NBH has current award funding from the Society of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologists' Mid-Career Grant, which is unrelated to this manuscript. SMF serves on a scientific advisory board for Haemonetics (Boston, MA).