Sabine M. Hille

1 Introduction Various environmental factors can influence the timing of reproduction. Rising spring temperatures are, for example, often associated with an earlier start of reproduction in birds (Dunn and Winkler 1999; Martin and Wiebe 2004; Pearce-Higgins, Yalden, and Whittingham 2005; Madsen et al. 2007; Halupka, Dyrcz, and Borowiec 2008; Smith et al. 2024). Droughts, extensive snow cover, or heavy precipitation can instead delay the start of reproduction (Martin and Wiebe 2004; Madsen et al.

a1 Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, Vienna 1180, Austria Vulture populations are declining steeply worldwide. Vulture ‘restaurants’ or feeding stations are a tool for maintaining and monitoring numbers, but individual species may be disadvantaged by the effects of carcass distribution, carcass size and interspecific aggression.