Salahdein AbuRuz

Abstract Breast cancer’s genomic heterogeneity complicates drug discovery, making repurposing an attractive but challenging strategy. Advances in artificial intelligence now enable integration of multi-omics data to reveal drug–gene–disease relationships and generate subtype-specific repurposing hypotheses.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1. Introduction Antibubbles, constituting a newly developed encapsulate for drug delivery applications, have gained scientific attention due to their unique structure, that is, a gaseous layer surrounding inner aqueous droplets (i.e., water-in-air-in-water, W1/A/W2) [1]. The gaseous layer protects the drug-containing inner droplets by minimizing interaction with the external environment.