Sandeep Surendra Panikar

Abstract Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have significantly advanced cancer therapy by enabling the selective delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumour cells. However, ADC efficacy remains constrained by its dependence on a single target antigen, which limits tumour targeting and promotes resistance in heterogeneous tumours with variable and low antigen expression1,2,3,4,5,6.

Maldonado-Ortiz, A.J., Carbajal Arizaga, G.G., Camacho-Ruiz, R.M., la Rosa, J.D.P.-d., Panikar, S.S. and Khandual, S. (2026), Green extraction of carotenoids from Spirulina subsalsa and Chlorella vulgaris using natural deep eutectic solvents. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref.. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.70173 Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1, BASF Launches 10% Beta-Carotene Colorant to Replace Artificial Dye. BEVNET, USA (2017).

1 Introduction Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and high-risk malignant tumors in the digestive system (Li et al., 2020). It originates from mucosal epithelial cells on the inner surface of the gastric wall and can occur in various parts of the stomach (Liang et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2023). The onset of GC is relatively hidden and the early symptoms are not typical, leading to many patients usually being diagnosed in the late stage (Monster et al., 2022).