Sangbae Park

1. Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Due to the increase in life expectancy, cases of periodontitis and dental caries that damage the dental pulp continue to rise. Chronic periodontitis in the elderly is increasing the demand for and interest in treatment related to periodontitis. Therefore, protecting the dental pulp, which plays a crucial role in tooth preservation, is necessary. The dental pulp is a soft connective tissue located in the innermost part of the tooth.

1 Introduction Bone defects arising from trauma, disease, or congenital abnormalities have remained significant clinical challenges, often necessitating complex interventions and prolonged healing periods [1, 2]. In recent decades, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for restoring the structural integrity and function of damaged bones.

1. Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Organ-on-chips have been introduced to replace conventional methods of evaluation such as in vivo and simple in vitro models that may not be reproducible, time-efficient, or relevant in humans.