Sarina J. Ergas

1. Introduction Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients for human health and plant growth [,,]. However, excessive nutrient loading to water bodies results in eutrophication, leading to an increase in the number of dead zones from 400 to 700 between 2008 and 2019 and an increase in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms from 26 events in 2003 to 43 events in 2023 [,]. Harmful algal blooms have far-reaching consequences on human health, the economy, and the environment [,].

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