Seo Jin LEE

Introduction The application of herbicides to agricultural fields may directly cause insect mortality, impacting weed control and potentially affecting insect pests present at the time of application (Kraus & Stout 2019). Xenobiotic detoxification converts lipid-soluble substances into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. Phase I of this process involves enzymatic changes in the toxin structure, primarily through cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and carboxylesterases.

Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Supporting Information Filename Description enr12710-sup-0001- Suppl data.docxWord 2007 document , 217.3 KB Figure S1. Alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of catalase isoform_1 in Tenebrio molitor. Figure S2.