Sevilay Karahan

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of preemptively administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on wound healing, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: no NSAID (Control), preemptive NSAID (Group 1), postoperative NSAID (Group 2), and pre- and postoperative NSAID (Group 3). As a NSAID, Celecoxib (20 mg/kg/day) was administered via oral gavage. A standardized mandibular burr-hole bone defect was created.

1 Introduction Reference intervals are essential tools that healthcare professionals use to interpret laboratory test results to make medical decisions [1-4]. Using reference intervals, physicians evaluate individuals' laboratory findings to assess disease status and determine the appropriate treatment. For example, if a patient's ferritin concentration is not within the reference interval, the value is flagged, and the patient may receive further examination or treatment.

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