Shabbar Jaffry

1 INTRODUCTION The degree of competition in the marketplace can have substantial implications for both the business environment and social welfare. For banking markets, extensive research has explored the degree of competition and market power (e.g., Bikker & Haaf, 2002; Delis et al., 2016; Schaeck et al., 2009). Market power and structure are important for bank stability (Anginer et al., 2014; Boyd & De Nicoló, 2005; Keeley, 1990) and efficiency (Asongu & Odhiambo, 2019).

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Ishaya Jonah Tegina Tambari *, * and Centre for Blue Governance, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth P01 3DE, UK * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.