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Shalayiding Aierxiding on Muck Rack

Shalayiding Aierxiding

As seen in: Frontiers in Immunology
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Articles

Targeting macrophage-mediated TGF-β/BMP signaling in ankylosing spondylitis: from inflammation to pathological bone formation

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By Zheng Ren, Shalayiding Aierxiding
| Frontiers in Immunology
Abstract Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammatory arthritis and pathological new bone formation, ultimately leading to spinal fusion and functional impairment. Despite effective suppression of inflammation by biologic agents targeting cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-17A, radiographic progression often continues, highlighting a critical dissociation between inflammatory activity and structural damage.
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