Shawn Bender

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessReview by Mohammad Badran 1,*, Shawn B.

Commentaries Accumulating evidence has demonstrated a clear association of coronary microvascular dysfunction with poor cardiac outcomes (1–4). For example, in patients with normal myocardial perfusion imaging, coronary microvascular dysfunction is a powerful predictor of major adverse cardiac events and improves risk discrimination in clinical risk models (1).

Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with increased levels of aldosterone and activation of cardiovascular mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) contributing to hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1).