Shengmu Yang

1 Introduction Cold filaments (CFs), also referred to as cold plumes, cold tongues, or cold squirts, are elongated cold-water arcs that extend hundreds of kilometers and are frequently observed in regional marine systems (Flament et al., 1985; Li et al., 2017). They play a significant role in shaping dynamic oceanic structures and facilitating material exchange between nutrient-rich coastal waters and nutrient-depleted open oceans (Washburn et al., 1993).

Supporting Information Filename Description 2024JC021091-sup-0001-Supporting Information SI-S01.docx7.4 MB Supporting Information S1 2024JC021091-sup-0002-Supporting Information SI-S02.docx211.5 KB Supporting Information S2 2024JC021091-sup-0003-Supporting Information SI-S03.docx25.7 KB Supporting Information S3 References , , , , , , & (2021). Are long-term changes in mixed layer depth influencing north pacific marine heatwaves? Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(1), S59–S66.