Shinako Iki

Abstract Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay, situated near major urban and industrial areas, have been increasingly affected by water pollution due to human activities. Over time, eutrophication primarily driven by excess phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) has led to frequent occurrences of red tides and blue tides, significantly impacting coastal fisheries. To mitigate environmental pollution, efforts have focused on purifying the rivers and brackish lakes that flow into these bays.