Shinong Wang

1 Introduction Marine pipeline networks are vital infrastructure (Sidki et al., 2025) and play an important role in the transport of vital resources such as oil and gas (Virk et al., 2022). In the event of failures like leaks in marine oil and gas pipelines, they will severely pollute the marine environment and trigger serious ecological disasters (Xu et al., 2014).

Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) lesions become surrounded by neuroprotective borders of newly proliferated reactive astrocytes. Fundamental features of these cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that 90% of border-forming astrocytes derive from proliferating Aldh1l1-expressing local astrocytes, and 10% from Pdgfra-expressing oligodendrocyte progenitors in mice.