Shohidul Islam

Abstract Climate variability poses serious threats to agricultural productivity and food security, particularly for smallholder rice farmers in climate-vulnerable regions such as northwest Bangladesh. This study examines the adoption of multiple climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder rice farmers in this region. Using a multistage sampling technique, data were collected from 498 farmers.

Abstract Image captioning is a key task in computer vision and natural language processing. It involves creating clear and accurate descriptions of what we see in images, helping to connect visuals with words in a meaningful way. This paper introduces MSSA (Memory-Driven and Simplified Scaled Attention), a novel framework for image captioning designed to enhance multimodal integration and caption generation.

Open AccessArticle by Md. Shohidul Islam 1,*, Mohamed Ariff Bin Ameedeen 1, Md. Arafatur Rahman 2,*, Husnul Ajra 1 and Zahian Binti Ismail 1 1 Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26600, Malaysia 2 School of Engineering, Computing & Mathematical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Birmingham WV1 1LY, UK * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.