Shuyin Li

1 Introduction Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the most important air pollutant. The main chemical components of PM2.5 are salts (sulfate and nitrate) and carbon [1]. PM2.5 is also easy to adsorb a variety of toxic substances (microplastics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bacteria, viruses, etc.) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, etc.) which can induce serious adverse health effects [2, 3].

Introduction Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment. Of these, T cell-based strategies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which restores the efficacy of host antitumor T cells, or the use of adoptively transferred genetically engineered T cells (eg, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells) have reached success to the point of Food and Drug Administration approval in multiple cancer types.

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