Si-Hyun Park

1 Introduction The evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivorous insects has led to the development of sophisticated plant defense strategies, reflecting millions of years of dynamic adaptation and counter-adaptation (Mathur et al. 2024; Whitehill et al. 2023). This ongoing struggle has driven plants to evolve a complex array of mechanisms aimed at deterring insect attacks and minimizing damage (Yactayo-Chang et al. 2020).

1 INTRODUCTION Seeds within a single fruit often compete for limited resources such as light, water and nutrients, which affect their germination rates and subsequent growth (Thompson & Grime, 1979). Understanding these competitive interactions is essential for elucidating plant population dynamics and reproductive strategies. Intraspecific competition is particularly intense among seedlings growing in close proximity, such as those within a single fruit.

Unveiling the Potential of Nonconjugate Linkers (sp3-cores) in Through-Space Charge Transfer Emitters and Host Materials for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light Emitting Diodes Nonconjugate linkers (sp3 cores) based organic materials have emerged as versatile components that serve as emitters and host materials in thermally activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).