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Articles by Simon Chang
Food and water intake are regulated by distinct central amygdala circuits revealed using intersectional genetics - Nature Communications
Abstract The central amygdala (CeA) plays a crucial role in defensive and appetitive behaviours. It contains genetically defined GABAergic neuron subpopulations distributed over three anatomical subregions, capsular (CeC), lateral (CeL), and medial (CeM). The roles that these molecularly- and anatomically-defined CeA neurons play in appetitive behavior remain unclear. Using intersectional genetics in mice, we found that neurons driving food or water consumption are confined to the CeM.
European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: 2025 Update on Male Infertility
We present a summary of the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in relation to male infertility. The aim is to provide practical recommendations for clinical management of male infertility in a multidisciplinary team, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
Cardiovascular risk and mortality in men receiving testosterone replacement therapy for Klinefelter syndrome in Denmark: a retrospective cohort study
Keywords Testosterone replacement therapy Mortality Major cardiovasular events Klinefelter syndrome Hypogonadism Evidence before this study Klinefelter syndrome is a congenital condition that leads to hypogonadism, increased morbidity, and elevated mortality. The current clinical recommendation is to offer testosterone replacement therapy to alleviate hypogonadal symptoms and improve quality of life.
Food and water uptake are regulated by distinct central amygdala circuits revealed using intersectional genetics
Abstract The central amygdala (CeA) plays a crucial role in defensive and appetitive behaviours. It contains genetically defined GABAergic neuron subpopulations distributed over three anatomical subregions, capsular (CeC), lateral (CeL), and medial (CeM). The roles that these molecularly- and anatomically- defined CeA neurons play in appetitive behavior remain unclear. Using intersectional genetics, we found that neurons driving food or water consumption are confined to the CeM.
Molecular and neural mechanisms of behavioural integration in the extended-amygdala
Abstract Integration of diverse stimuli is crucial for organisms to adapt and communicate effectively, enabling overall homeostasis and survival. Studies have been performed on identifying specific neuronal encoding of individual behaviours, but how neurons integrate diverse behaviours across contexts remains elusive. Here we use Ca2+ imaging in freely moving mice to identify neural ensembles in the extended amygdala encoding behaviours across six distinct contexts.
DNA methylation patterns of FKBP5 regulatory regions in brain and blood of humanized mice and humans - Molecular Psychiatry
Abstract Humanized mouse models can be used to explore human gene regulatory elements (REs), which frequently lie in non-coding and less conserved genomic regions. Epigenetic modifications of gene REs, also in the context of gene x environment interactions, have not yet been explored in humanized mouse models.
Do good carefully: The long‐term effects of low‐dose DDT exposure in early childhood on education, marriage and employment
Age at exposure and health effects To further investigate the importance of the timing of exposure, we replaced the DDT regressors with a set of dummies indicating the exposure at age 0, 1, 2, and 3 separately. The results are reported in Table A1 in online appendix. Overall, we do not see a clear pattern as to which exposure age tends to have the largest effect. We also examined the self-reported ADL.
Nucleation as a rate-determining step in catalytic gas generation reactions from liquid phase systems
Variations of the standard procedure In the reference dehydrogenation experiment (Fig. 1D), the reactor was not cooled and reheated. The temperature was kept at 300 °C throughout the whole experiment. In the mechanical reactivation experiments (Figs. 1E and 5A), the inhibited pellets were manually pushed against each other or pressed against a fixed resistance using a thermocouple. All pellets were reactivated by the mechanical stimuli. The forced liquid infiltration experiments (Fig.
Single-digit-micrometer-resolution continuous liquid interface production
Abstract To date, a compromise between resolution and print speed has rendered most high-resolution additive manufacturing technologies unscalable with limited applications.
Late delivery of exotic chromium to the crust of Mars by water-rich carbonaceous asteroids
Information Published In Science Advances Volume 8 | Issue 46 November 2022 Copyright Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
BCG vaccinations drive epigenetic changes to the human T cell receptor: Restored expression in type 1 diabetes
LATEST NEWS Abstract The BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, introduced 100 years ago for tuberculosis prevention, has emerging therapeutic off-target benefits for autoimmunity. In randomized controlled trials, BCG vaccinations were shown to gradually improve two autoimmune conditions, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis.
Artificial neuromuscular fibers by multilayered coaxial integration with dynamic adaption
Actuation-sense integration and application demonstrations The strain-dependent piezoresistance of the sheath layer can be used to trace the actuation path of the artificial neuromuscular fibers. Before this utilization, the temperature coefficient of resistance of the MXene/CNT sheath should be tuned to be small enough to minimize the influence of temperature-induced resistance change on the total resistance change during thermal actuation.
Three-dimensional imaging and analysis of pathological tissue samples with de novo generation of citrate-based fluorophores
Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) histopathology based on the observation of thin tissue slides is the current paradigm in diagnosis and prognosis. However, labeling strategies in conventional histopathology are limited in compatibility with 3D imaging combined with tissue clearing techniques.
Unique thermal expansion properties of water key to the formation of sea ice on Earth
Abstract The formation of sea ice in polar regions is possible because a salinity gradient or halocline keeps the water column stable despite intense cooling. Here, we demonstrate that a unique water property is central to the maintenance of the polar halocline, namely, that the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of seawater increases by one order of magnitude between polar and tropical regions.
Chronic exposure to carbon black ultrafine particles reprograms macrophage metabolism and accelerates lung cancer
Information Published In Science Advances Volume 8 | Issue 46 November 2022 Copyright Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
Discovery of integrons in Archaea: Platforms for cross-domain gene transfer
Abstract Horizontal gene transfer between different domains of life is increasingly being recognized as an important evolutionary driver, with the potential to increase the pace of biochemical innovation and environmental adaptation. However, the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of exogenous genes from foreign domains are mostly unknown. Integrons are a family of genetic elements that facilitate this process within Bacteria.
Hierarchical deployment of Tbx3 dictates the identity of hypothalamic KNDy neurons to control puberty onset
Information Published In Science Advances Volume 8 | Issue 46 November 2022 Copyright Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
TENT5 cytoplasmic noncanonical poly(A) polymerases regulate the innate immune response in animals
LATEST NEWS Abstract Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against pathogens. Here, through global transcriptome and proteome analyses, we uncover that newly described cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase TENT-5 (terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5) enhances the expression of secreted innate immunity effector proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Direct RNA sequencing revealed that multiple mRNAs with signal peptide–encoding sequences have shorter poly(A) tails in tent-5–deficient worms.
Insights into complex I assembly: Function of NDUFAF1 and a link with cardiolipin remodeling
Abstract Respiratory complex I is a ~1-MDa proton pump in mitochondria. Its structure has been revealed in great detail, but the structural basis of its assembly, in humans involving at least 15 assembly factors, is essentially unknown. We determined cryo–electron microscopy structures of assembly intermediates associated with assembly factor NDUFAF1 in a yeast model system.
The missing link between zeolites and polyoxometalates
Information Published In Science Advances Volume 8 | Issue 46 November 2022 Copyright Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
Global reorganization of deep-sea circulation and carbon storage after the last ice age
Information Published In Science Advances Volume 8 | Issue 46 November 2022 Copyright Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).
Pulsed transistor operation enables miniaturization of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors
LATEST NEWS Abstract By simultaneously transducing and amplifying, transistors offer advantages over simpler, electrode-based transducers in electrochemical biosensors. However, transistor-based biosensors typically use static (i.e., DC) operation modes that are poorly suited for sensor architectures relying on the modulation of charge transfer kinetics to signal analyte binding.
Discovery of DRP-104, a tumor-targeted metabolic inhibitor prodrug
LATEST NEWS Abstract 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) is a glutamine antagonist that suppresses cancer cell metabolism but concurrently enhances the metabolic fitness of tumor CD8+ T cells. DON showed promising efficacy in clinical trials; however, its development was halted by dose-limiting gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities.
Chimera states among synchronous fireflies
Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/SVG/config.js LATEST NEWS Abstract Systems of oscillators often converge to a state of synchrony when sufficiently interconnected.
Ubiquitin-based pathway acts inside chloroplasts to regulate photosynthesis
Abstract Photosynthesis is the energetic basis for most life on Earth, and in plants it operates inside double membrane–bound organelles called chloroplasts. The photosynthetic apparatus comprises numerous proteins encoded by the nuclear and organellar genomes. Maintenance of this apparatus requires the action of internal chloroplast proteases, but a role for the nucleocytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was not expected, owing to the barrier presented by the double-membrane envelope.
The translocated virulence protein VirD5 causes DNA damage and mutation during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of yeast
Expression of VirD5CT inhibits growth and causes DNA damage Previously, we found that the expression of virD5 inhibits the growth of plant, mammalian, and yeast cells (22, 23). The VirD5NT (amino acids 1 to 505) causes chromosomal missegregation but is much less toxic than the full-length VirD5 protein (23, 28). This suggested that the VirD5CT may be largely responsible for the toxicity of VirD5.
Chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates adipocyte differentiation
Abstract Adipogenesis is a tightly orchestrated multistep process wherein preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. The most studied aspect of adipogenesis is its transcriptional regulation through timely expression and silencing of a vast number of genes. However, whether turnover of key regulatory proteins per se controls adipogenesis remains largely understudied.
Human genetics uncovers MAP3K15 as an obesity-independent therapeutic target for diabetes
LATEST NEWS Abstract We performed collapsing analyses on 454,796 UK Biobank (UKB) exomes to detect gene-level associations with diabetes. Recessive carriers of nonsynonymous variants in MAP3K15 were 30% less likely to develop diabetes (P = 5.7 × 10−10) and had lower glycosylated hemoglobin (β = −0.14 SD units, P = 1.1 × 10−24). These associations were independent of body mass index, suggesting protection against insulin resistance even in the setting of obesity.
Blind identification of the spinal cord output in humans with high-density electrode arrays implanted in muscles
LATEST NEWS Abstract Invasive electromyography opened a new window to explore motoneuron behavior in vivo. However, the technique is limited by the small fraction of active motoneurons that can be concurrently detected, precluding a population analysis in natural tasks.
Clustering of vomeronasal receptor genes is required for transcriptional stability but not for choice
DISCUSSION By initially taking a global genomic approach using multiple mammalian genomes (ranging from to rodents), we report that the genomic organization of pseudogenic and functional V1r/Fpr genes is different. We found that functional V1r/Fpr genes are organized in clusters, despite very high rates of gene duplication of V1r/Fpr genes, whose evolutionary dynamics are closer to those of LINE elements than other clustered genes such as Hox or opsin genes.
Peripheral membrane proteins modulate stress tolerance by safeguarding cellulose synthases
Abstract Controlled primary cell wall remodeling allows plant growth under stressful conditions, but how these changes are conveyed to adjust cellulose synthesis is not understood. Here, we identify the TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE (TTL) proteins as new members of the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) and describe their unique and hitherto unknown dynamic association with the CSC under cellulose-deficient conditions.
The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system
Abstract Direct links between carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies in the solar system are rare. The Winchcombe meteorite is the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall. Its pre-atmospheric orbit and cosmic-ray exposure age confirm that it arrived on Earth shortly after ejection from a primitive asteroid. Recovered only hours after falling, the composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is largely unmodified by the terrestrial environment.
Tripartite extended amygdala-basal ganglia CRH circuit drives locomotor activation and avoidance behavior
LATEST NEWS Abstract An adaptive stress response involves various mediators and circuits orchestrating a complex interplay of physiological, emotional, and behavioral adjustments. We identified a population of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the lateral part of the interstitial nucleus of the anterior commissure (IPACL), a subdivision of the extended amygdala, which exclusively innervate the substantia nigra (SN).
Astrocyte dysfunction drives abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in depression
MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice All experiments were approved by the Southern Medical University Animal Ethics Committee and conformed to the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals (China). The mice were bred in-house and grew in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room on a 12-hour light/dark cycle (lights on from 7:00 to 19:00) with ad libitum access to food and water. All mice were handled for 5 min/day for 3 days before behavioral tests.
Somatosensory cortical signature of facial nociception and vibrotactile touch-induced analgesia
LATEST NEWS Abstract Pain relief by vibrotactile touch is a common human experience. Previous neurophysiological investigations of its underlying mechanism in animals focused on spinal circuits, while human studies suggested the involvement of supraspinal pathways. Here, we examine the role of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in touch-induced mechanical and heat analgesia.
Spectral imaging at high definition and high speed in the mid-infrared
Information Published In Science Advances Volume 8 | Issue 46 November 2022 Copyright Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
First asteroid gas sample delivered by the Hayabusa2 mission: A treasure box from Ryugu
Mechanism liberating the SW gases from Ryugu grains It is important to discuss how the gas in the container was released from Ryugu grains, since knowing the mechanism would allow better understanding the initial (right after the collection) condition of the grains collected from the Ryugu surface (e.g., the original size distribution and shapes) and their volatile budgets.
Surgeon Experience and Erectile Function After Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review
Abstract Introduction Erectile dysfunction is a common consequence after radical prostatectomy (RP) affecting psychosocial well-being and quality of life. As the RP surgical technique is complex, it is reasonable to propose that the experience of the surgeon could influence the postoperative erectile function (EF) outcomes. Objective To undertake a systematic review to investigate whether the surgeon's experience affects the patient's ability to regain EF after RP.
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