Twenty-five years ago, Professor O Conor Ward, biographer of John Langdon Down, the man credited with the “discovery” of what is now known as Down syndrome, made an intriguing discovery himself. Beneath a desk in an office at Normansfield Hospital in London, one of Down’s former hospitals, was a box containing glass slides of 200 photographs, all taken in the 1860s. These were forgotten photos of patients at the Earlswood Idiot Asylum, as it was known, in Redhill, Surrey.