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Articles by Simone Tilmes
Hydrologic Sensitivity of Snow and Streamflow Dynamics to Climate Forcing With and Without Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention
1 Introduction Snowpack stores cold-season precipitation and releases it as freshwater during the warm season, sustaining downstream water resources (Han et al., 2025). Climate warming strongly alters snow accumulation, precipitation phase partitioning, and melt timing, thereby reshaping the magnitude and seasonality of streamflow.
Disproportionately large impacts of wildland-urban interface fire emissions on global air quality and human health
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Abstract Fires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are a global issue with growing importance. However, the impact of WUI fires on air quality and health is less understood compared to that of fires in wildland. We analyze WUI fire impacts on air quality and health at the global scale using a multi-scale atmospheric chemistry model—the Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols model (MUSICA).
By Dadong Liu, Katja Mauelshagen, Suman Karan, Wenfu Tang, Louisa K. Emmons, Christine Wiedinmyer, Debatosh B. Partha, Yaoxian Huang, Cenlin He, Junzhe Zhang, Kelley C. Barsanti, Benjamin Gaubert, Duseong S. Jo, Jun Zhang, Rebecca Buchholz, Simone Tilmes, Francis Vitt, Claire Granier, Helen M. Worden
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Quantifying CO2 forcing effects on lightning, wildfires, and climate interactions
Abstract Climate change affects lightning frequency and wildfire intensity globally. To date, model limitations have prevented quantifying climate-lightning-wildfire interactions comprehensively. We exploit advances in Earth System modeling to examine these three-way interactions and their sensitivities to idealized CO2 forcing in 140-year simulations. Lightning sensitivity to global temperature change (+1.6 ± 0.1% per kelvin) is mitigated by compensating atmospheric effects.
South Asian Summer Monsoon under stratospheric aerosol intervention - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Abstract The South Asian summer monsoon (SAM) bears significant importance for agriculture, water resources, economy, and environmental aspects of the region for nearly 2 billion people. To minimize the adverse impacts of global warming, Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention (SAI) has been proposed to lower surface temperatures by reflecting a portion of solar radiation back into space. However, the effects of SAI on SAM are still very uncertain.
Diminished efficacy of regional marine cloud brightening in a warmer world - Nature Climate Change
Abstract Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is a geoengineering proposal to cool atmospheric temperatures and reduce climate change impacts. As large-scale approaches to stabilize global mean temperatures pose governance challenges, regional interventions may be more attractive near term. Here we investigate the efficacy of regional MCB in the North Pacific to mitigate extreme heat in the Western United States.
Simons Foundation Funds 14 Projects Exploring Earth-Cooling Techniques as Part of New International Research Program
International efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may not be enough to prevent the worst effects of climate change over the coming decades and meet the goals set by the 2015 Paris Agreement. Indeed, the rapid heating of the ocean over the past two years suggests that the Earth’s temperature may rise even faster than some models predict. “This is an all-hands-on-deck moment,” says Simons Foundation president David Spergel. “We will likely need a wide set of tools to mitigate global warming.
Comparison of Urban Air Quality Simulations During the KORUS‐AQ Campaign With Regionally Refined Versus Global Uniform Grids in the Multi‐Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICA) Version 0
Effects of Anthropogenic Emission Inventory on the Simulation There are a number of anthropogenic emission inventories that have been utilized in chemistry models (Elguindi et al., 2020). As shown in Table 1, the degree of agreement between emission inventories can vary depending on the species.
Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea
Abstract : Among techniques proposed to limit global warming, there is Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) which is aiming to increase Earth-atmosphere albedo by injecting sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere in order to reduce the solar radiation that reaches the earth.
Developing Multi-scale Modeling Over Australia for the 2019/2020 Extreme Wildfire Season
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Toward practical stratospheric aerosol albedo modification: Solar-powered lofting
Abstract Many climate intervention (CI) methods have been proposed to offset greenhouse gas–induced global warming, but the practicalities regarding implementation have not received sufficient attention. Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) involves introducing large amounts of CI material well within the stratosphere to enhance the aerosol loading, thereby increasing reflection of solar radiation.
Seasonal injection strategies for stratospheric aerosol geoengineering - Visioni - - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library
Research Letter Seasonal injection strategies for stratospheric aerosol geoengineering Daniele Visioni Corresponding Author E-mail address: daniele.visioni@cornell.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-2189 Sibley School for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Search for more papers by this author Abstract Simulations of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering have typically considered injections at a constant rate over the entire year.
Atmosphere | Free Full-Text | Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections | HTML
► ▼ Article Menu Export Article Create a SciFeed alert for new publications With following keywords photolysis coefficients photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) By following authors Advanced options One email with all search results One email for each search × /ajax/scifeed/subscribe Open Access This article is freely available re-usable Article Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections Sasha Madronich 1,*, Simone Tilmes 1, Ben Kravitz 2,...
The Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Can Be Tailored Using Multiple Injection Locations
By injecting different amounts of SO2 at multiple different latitudes, the spatial pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be partially controlled. This leads to the ability to influence the climate response to geoengineering with stratospheric aerosols, providing the potential for design.
Persistent polar ocean warming in a strategically geoengineered climate
Enhancement of the Earth’s albedo through the injection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere has been proposed as an approach to offset some of the adverse effects of climate change. Here we analyse an ensemble of simulations of the twenty-first century climate designed to explore a strategic geoengineering approach.
Will the world ever be ready for solar geoengineering?
The first time Frank Keutsch heard about solar geoengineering, he thought the idea was terrifying. To the Harvard University atmospheric chemist, schemes such as spraying millions of tons of sulfate particles into the sky to reflect the sun’s rays and cool the planet seemed perilous. Not only might the strategies disrupt the atmosphere in unexpected ways, but they might also dramatically alter the weather and harm the lives of Earth’s inhabitants.
First simulations of designing stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering to meet multiple simultaneous climate objectives
We describe the first simulations of stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering using multiple injection locations to meet multiple simultaneous surface temperature objectives. Simulations were performed using CESM1(WACCM), a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with fully interactive stratospheric chemistry, dynamics (including an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation), and a sophisticated treatment of sulfate aerosol formation, microphysical growth, and deposition.
Stratospheric Dynamical Response and Ozone Feedbacks in the Presence of SO
Injections of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere are among several proposed methods of solar radiation management. Such injections could cool the Earth's climate. However, they would significantly alter the dynamics of the stratosphere. We explore here the stratospheric dynamical response to sulfur dioxide injections ?
The climate response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering can be tailored using multiple injection locations
By injecting different amounts of SO at multiple different latitudes, the spatial pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be partially controlled. This leads to the ability to influence the climate response to geoengineering with stratospheric aerosols, providing the potential for design.
Radiative and chemical response to interactive stratospheric sulfate aerosols in fully coupled CESM1(WACCM)
We present new insights into the evolution and interactions of stratospheric aerosol using an updated version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Improved horizontal resolution, dynamics, and chemistry now produce an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation, and significant improvements to stratospheric temperatures and ozone compared to observations. We present a validation of WACCM column ozone and climate calculations against observations.
Sensitivity of aerosol distribution and climate response to stratospheric SO
Injection of SO into the stratosphere has been proposed as a method to in part counteract anthropogenic climate change. So far, most studies investigated injections at the equator or in a region in the tropics. Here, we use CESM1(WACCM) to explore the impact of continuous single grid point SO injections at 7 different latitudes and 2 altitudes in the stratosphere on aerosol distribution and climate.
Sulfur injections for a cooler planet
Achieving the Paris Agreement's aim to limit the global temperature increase to at most 2°C above preindustrial levels will require rapid, substantial greenhouse gas emission reductions together with large-scale use of “negative emission” strategies for capturing carbon dioxide (CO ) from the air (1). It remains unclear, however, how or indeed whether large net-negative emissions can be achieved, and neither technology nor sufficient storage capacity for captured carbon are available (2).
Arctic nations to set target for reducing climate-warming soot pollution
Sea ice is disappearing rapidly, permafrost is thawing faster than predicted and shorelines are eroding away, but scientists say there is one simple step that can slow Arctic warming — clearing the air of black carbon, also known as soot. Now the Arctic nations are poised to set targets for reducing black carbon, a pollutant that hurts human lungs, traps atmospheric heat and dirties the Arctic ice and snow.
Improvement of the prediction of surface ozone concentration over conterminous U.S. by a computationally efficient second-order Rosenbrock solver in CAM4-Chem - Sun - 2017 - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems - Wiley Online Library
The global chemistry-climate model (CAM4-Chem) overestimates the surface ozone concentration over the conterminous US (CONUS). Reasons for this positive bias include emission, meteorology, chemical mechanism and solver. In this study, we explore the last possibility by examining the sensitivity to the numerical methods for solving the chemistry equations.
Tropospheric Transport Differences Between Models Using the Same Large-Scale Meteorological Fields
The transport of chemicals is a major uncertainty in the modeling of tropospheric composition. A common approach is to transport gases using the winds from meteorological analyses, either using them directly in a chemical transport model or by constraining the flow in a general circulation model. Here we compare the transport of idealized tracers in several different models that use the same meteorological fields taken from MERRA.
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