Siriraj Informatics

Background Despite strong evidence supporting the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) for managing type 2 diabetes, heterogeneity of treatment response is rarely assessed. This study aims to demonstrate the heterogeneity effects of SGLT2i for preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) via a causal machine learning model. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted.

During the screening phase, 33 individuals were evaluated for eligibility, 21 of whom consented to participate (refer to the CONSORT diagram in the Supplements). After randomization, one participant was excluded from the study due to newly acquired data indicating that the individual did not meet all the inclusion criteria. The remaining 20 participants were included in the baseline assessment, and their characteristics are detailed in Table 1.